Challenges in the Implementation of Animal Law Protection in Indonesia

Abstract

In 2022, the Social Media Animal Cruelty Coalition (SMACC) identified Indonesia as the principal jurisdiction of origin for digital content depicting animal cruelty. Among 5,480 documented instances globally, 1,626 (29.7%) were traced to Indonesia. While Indonesia has established a statutory framework for animal protection—encompassing provisions within the Criminal Code (KUH Pidana) and specialized legislation including Law No. 41/2014 (amending Law No. 18/2009 on Livestock and Animal Health)—enforcement efficacy remains substantially compromised by structural, societal, and institutional deficiencies. This empirical study examines implementation challenges within Indonesia's animal protection regime, utilizing survey data from 62 respondents. Key findings indicate: Prevalence of Violations: 60.66% of respondents reported direct exposure to animal abuse cases, while 82.26% witnessed instances of animal neglect. Awareness-Deficit Disparity: Although 70.97% demonstrated awareness of existing animal protection statutes, 91.94% characterized these regulations as substantively inadequate. Systemic Implementation Failures: Near-unanimous dissatisfaction was expressed regarding:Law enforcement efficacy (98.39%). Public awareness dissemination (100%).Societal engagement (100%). The analysis applies theoretical frameworks concerning legal efficacy and implementation deficits to evaluate these systemic impediments. Proposed remedial measures encompass statutory enhancement, targeted public education initiatives, and fortified enforcement mechanisms. The study underscores the exigency of comprehensive policy reform to advance animal welfare protections within Indonesia's legal architecture.